1 2 2020 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/issue/volume-1-issue-2 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

the-impact-of-key-principles-of-the-montessori-method-on-preschool-childrens-development 2020 1 The aim of this paper is to consider and examine the impact of key principles of the Montessori
Method on pre-school children’s development. The Montessori Method is one of the contemporary
and alternative education methods that is globally practiced by Montessori educators. It is viewed
as a child-centered method of schooling. Since Montessori education has existed for about 150
years, it is true that the social, cognitive, emotional and physical development of the children had
already been well examined. There are key principles in each Montessori setting that enhance
children’s individual development. In a Montessori learning environment, children are shown
respect by teachers and classmates and they have the greater opportunity to ′absorb′ the
environment. The sensitive periods are extremely significant for the appropriate development of
children. The prepared environment is designed to facilitate independent learning and exploration
by the child, which opens the door to children’s self-education. Moreover, Montessori children
have a freedom of choice and movement that indicates the way this method meets the needs of
children. This paper explores the Montessori Philosophy, evaluates its effect on children’s
development and discusses its core principles in depth.

]]> Montessori Method, Montessori education, core principles of the Montessori Method, pre-school children, children’s development 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/the-impact-of-key-principles-of-the-montessori-method-on-preschool-childrens-development 2 6-12 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/900/13-pdf.pdf Klaudija Velkova-Manovska true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

a-systematic-review-on-game-based-learning 2020 1 Games play a significant role in the developmental areas for humans. For instance, children spend
most of their times playing games. Thus with the help of games, children gain life experiences that
supports them to develop in multiple areas. Furthermore, due to the fact that games affect
individuals in physical, cognitive and social areas there has been many studies conveyed on game
and learning. To add more, games are proven to improve motivation for learning. With the
improvements in technology, recent changes have brought educational innovations into our lives.
Educational games are considered as one of the most recent assets to help learners create
meaningful learning experiences. Considering the utility of the games in the classrooms, it is
significant to keep up with changes in the literature. The aim of this study is to examine the studies
published in Turkey between 2007 and 2020 by carrying out a systematic literature review, and to
determine the perspective of these studies and variables. Within the scope of this study, studies on
game and learning were examined in six main areas: characteristics of the authors, years of
publication, grades and the classes, research kinds, methods and, models used. It was revealed that
the quantitative models (87.5%) were preferred more compared to qualitative models (12.5%).
Within the scope of this study, only Google Scholar database was used and although foreign
studies were mentioned, they were not examined. In addition, this review study only subjects the
articles and theses that were published in Turkey between 2007-2020. Considering the importance
of game and learning, it is thought that it would be appropriate to plan future studies in the light
of the information in this article.

]]> Game and learning, game, educational games 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/a-systematic-review-on-game-based-learning 2 13-20 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/899/14-pdf.pdf İrem GİRGİN Ministry of National Education true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

teachers-beliefs-and-attitudes-regarding-the-discipline-in-the-classroom 2020 1 The main focus of this paper is the concept of discipline in the classroom, which is explored through
the aspects of student’s basic needs, use of rules of behaviour, student’s engagement in the learning
process, internal and external motivation and self-discipline. This research was conducted on a
sample of 364 participants, teachers in high schools in North Macedonia. The aim was to examine
teacher’s beliefs and attitudes regarding the discipline in the classroom, as well as to see whether
there are differences in teacher’s beliefs and attitudes regarding their working experience.
The findings show that most of the teachers have positive approach in establishing discipline,
manifested through creating and environment built on respect, trust, mutual understanding and
cooperation. Most often used strategies for establishing discipline are defining rules of behaviour
and engaging students in the teaching process. In situation of student’s misbehaviour, teacher’s use
warning, request, reprimand, punishment, etc., but with a certain gradation in their use from not
very strict to a more severe. Statistically significant differences between teacher with different work
experience were found out in some of the explored aspects, mainly in those related with teacher’s
authority and control.

]]> basic needs, engagement, motivation, self-discipline 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/teachers-beliefs-and-attitudes-regarding-the-discipline-in-the-classroom 2 21-31 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Katerina Mitevska-Petrusheva International Balkan University true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

challenges-and-suggestions-for-a-successful-implementation-of-communicative-language-teaching-in-efl-context-in-albania 2020 1 The communicative approach is considered to be the most successful recent technique in teaching
a foreign language. According to the Communicative approach, learning a foreign language
successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning in a real context. The real
communication teaches students to learn to use the language and the classroom changes from a
teacher-centered classroom into a student-centered classroom. However, this approach comes with
many challenges, such as large classes, grammar-based examinations, lack of teaching resources
and facilities, lack of teachers training, lack of support, influence of traditional practices, limited
class time, class management, students’ resistance to class participation and their lack of
motivation.
Implementing the Communicative Approach in an Albanian classroom setting as well as in its
curriculum, on one hand, is very helpful due to its need for improvement, but on the other hand is
very challenging to set the environment in which the best learning can take place, in order to obtain
the most profitable results. In a challenging Albanian teaching environment, where students are
used to be taught using traditional teaching methods, there is a need for teachers to shift from
traditional methods to more contemporary ones, such as the Communicative Approach which
focuses on the student’s linguistic needs and help the teachers achieve their goals. This approach
though comes with the need to implement useful strategies in order to manage students’ behavior
in the classroom, as there is a lot of interaction and communication going on in class and this may
result in a lot of students' talking time.
The purpose of this study is to examine how the Communicative Approach can promote students’
communicative competencies and also deals with some challenges and suggestions for successful
implementation in the Albanian curriculum design. Furthermore, it is hoped not only to examine
Communicative Approach as being an appropriate attitude towards learning and teaching
environment, but also to help teachers and curriculum designers, who wish to implement
Communicative Language Teaching, with some useful strategies and techniques.

]]> Communicative Language Teaching, English as a Foreign Language, student-centered method, challenges, curriculum design 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/challenges-and-suggestions-for-a-successful-implementation-of-communicative-language-teaching-in-efl-context-in-albania 2 32-40 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Brisida Sefa South East European University true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

teaching-and-learning-english-prepositions-at-pero-nakov-high-school-in-kumanovo 2020 1 The process of learning English as a Foreign Language is a very demanding and complex one. The
main reason is that it differs from the mother tongue and has different rules in grammar,
methodology and other parts of the language. For this reason, EFL learners have difficulties to
acquire the target language, especially prepositions. Learning prepositions in a foreign language is
very difficult and confusing for EFL learners most of the time. It is very important to investigate
the acquisition of prepositions by Albanian learners and the challenges that they face in learning
them. A comparison will be made with English prepositions and Albanian prepositions during the
learning process. During the acquisition of the target language, in this case, the English language,
learners encounter many challenges that reduce their motivation and interest. On the other hand,
there are many effective causes when comparing the fact of what happens when a student does not
acquire the target prepositions appropriately by using the most useful learning strategies in
classrooms and what happens when they do acquire prepositions correctly. The outcomes of this
case study present valuable information to the teachers and future research; hence, there are a
limited number of studies in this field.

]]> SLA, prepositions, teachers, learners, strategies 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/teaching-and-learning-english-prepositions-at-pero-nakov-high-school-in-kumanovo 2 41-48 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/896/17-pdf.pdf Adelina Ramadani true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

the-development-of-intercultural-competency-through-english-language-learning 2020 1 Culture shows the life people live and as of this fact, we see that the term culture refers to beliefs,
ideas, values, and knowledge of one nation. On the other side, we also can say that culture and
language are bonded together and they cannot be separated when learning takes place as it develops
standard communication skills. Otherwise, if languages are taught without their cultures, students
are only the visitors of the language who aren’t familiar in detail about the origin of a particular
language. Therefore, one of the strategies to learn English as a foreign language is if we see it
through its culture and acquire this learning through the technique of competency base learning as
it helps students develop their skills in their pace and provides students with useful models of
authentic use of the language in the classroom and online. The purpose of this study is to discover
the possibilities of learning English for the development of intercultural competence and to
distinguish successful teaching methods for the development of this competence in higher
education and also to show that students need to acquire these competencies, so they can have the
most effective communication with individuals from the cultures of English-speaking countries.

]]> ELL, EFL, intercultural differences, cultural value 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/the-development-of-intercultural-competency-through-english-language-learning 2 49-55 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/895/18-pdf.pdf Alma V. Lama University for Business and Technology true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

what-and-how-vocational-guidance-can-help-youth-to-get-out-of-the-crossroads-of-choosing-a-profession 2020 1 For many people, choosing a future profession is a challenge in itself. From an early age,
individuals begin to give indications about the interests and desires for the life profession, although
it often happens that they change focus and receive completely different hacks from what they
previously thought. Choosing a profession is a complex process where many external and internal
factors come together that motivate a person to make a vital choice.
Then what should be done so that the youth have a clearer picture of who they are and what they
want to be in the future. They may have difficulty in choosing a profession and need help from
competent people who will help them to make the right choice. Then the question is, to whom
should they turn or to ask for help. Therefore, our intention in this paper is to answer the question
what and how can vocational guidance help the individual's professional orientation? This is
exactly the time when vocational guidance finds its place and position, assisting pupils and student
to decide for their profession/job/career according to their abilities, interest, personal traits, e.g.,
choosing a job that suits them better, to work for that and improve as well. If we look on the
literature, we will notice that vocational guidance and counseling as part of counseling occupies an
important place starting from the lowest educational level to the highest academic levels.

]]> Vocational Guidance, Professional Orientation, Programs and Strategies of Vocational Guidance 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/what-and-how-vocational-guidance-can-help-youth-to-get-out-of-the-crossroads-of-choosing-a-profession 2 57-63 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/894/19-pdf.pdf Fatime Ziberi International Balkan University true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

the-turkish-and-armenian-image-in-markar-esayan-s-narrow-room-of-present-and-encounter3 2020 1 It is unthinkable that the Armenian Issue, which is constantly on the agenda, is not reflected in literary
works. The fact that especially difficult times have been experienced also requires literary expression.
Although Markar Esayan did not experience the Armenian Relocation (1915) himself, he is indirectly
affected as the third generation. It also directly experiences the reflections of the issue in the present. At the
same that he lived together in Turkey, written in Turkish, he has made very recently in Parliament and has
died in this land as his literary works are valued in terms of Turkish-Armenian relations. It can be said that
Markar Esayan, born in 1969, represents the new generation among Armenian writers who wrote in
Turkish. In this article, the recently published Narrow Room of Present (2004) and Encounter (2007),
written by Markar Esayan in novel genre, will be examined in terms of the reflection of Turkish and
Armenian images on the reality of the novel. The novels analyzed in terms of images have an intense content
for Turks and Armenians. This situation is much easier to notice in Encounter. The publication of the
Encounter in September 2007 after the assassination of Hrant Dink (19 January 2007) and its dedication to
Hrant Dink is important for research. Therefore, it is seen that the author creates more distinctive images in
his novel and his focus on the Armenian image in Encounter may be interpreted. Different dimensions
were discussed while examining the images in the work. One of them is confrontation with Armenian
Relocation that this is in two ways: Gomidas Vartabed’s drama and Mr Rakım’s Armenian hostility.
Another dimension in the work is; It is the story of two Armenians, one of them saints, and the other of his
followers, who struggled to help the minorities who were in trouble with the Wealth Tax Law of 1942. In
Narrow Room of Present, although the Armenian characters are more than the Turks, the imagery of the
Turkish image is more intense than the Armenian image.

]]> Markar Esayan, Turkish, Armenian, Image, Novel 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/the-turkish-and-armenian-image-in-markar-esayan-s-narrow-room-of-present-and-encounter3 2 65-77 tr CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/893/20-pdf.pdf MARKAR ESAYAN’IN ŞİMDİNİN DAR ODASI VE KARŞILAŞMA ROMANLARINDA TÜRK VE ERMENİ İMAJI2 Sürekli olarak gündemde olan Ermeni Meselesi’nin edebi eserlere de yansımaktadır. Özellikle zor
zamanların yaşanmış olması edebi ifadeyi de zorunlu kılmaktadır. Markar Esayan her ne kadar Tehcir
(1915) dönemini bizatihi yaşamamış olsa da üçüncü kuşak olarak dolaylı bir etkilenim içindedir. Meselenin
günümüze yansımalarını da doğrudan yaşamaktadır. Bunlarla birlikte Türkiye’de yaşamış, Türkçe yazmış,
milletvekilliği yapmış ve çok yakın zamanda bu topraklarda vefat etmiş biri olarak onun edebi eserleri
Türk-Ermeni ilişkileri açısından değerlidir. 1969 doğumlu olan Markar Esayan’ın Türkçe yazan Ermeni
yazarlar arasında yeni nesli temsil ettiği söylenebilir. Bu makalede Markar Esayan’ın roman türünde kaleme
aldığı, yakın dönemde yayımlanmış Şimdinin Dar Odası (2004) ve Karşılaşma (2007) adlı eserleri, Türk
ve Ermeni imajlarının romanın gerçekliğine yansıması açısından incelenecektir. İmajlar açısından
incelenen romanlar Türk ve Ermeniler için yoğun bir içeriğe sahiptir. Bu durum Karşılaşma‘da çok daha
kolay fark edilir. Karşılaşma’nın Eylül 2007’de Hrant Dink (19 Ocak 2007) suikastından sonra
yayımlanması ve Dink’e adanmış olması araştırma açısından önemlidir. Bundan dolayı yazarın romanında
daha belirgin imajlar oluşturduğu görülür ve Karşılaşma’da özellikle, Ermeni imajına ağırlık vermesi de
buna yorulabilir. Eserde imajlar incelenirken farklı boyutlar ele alınmıştır. Bunlardan birisi Tehcir’le
hesaplaşmadır ki bu da iki şekilde karşımıza çıkar: Türkiye Ermenileri açısından tarihi bir şahsiyet olan
Gomidas Vartabed’in dramı ve Rakım Efendi’nin kökü Tehcir’e dayanan Ermeni düşmanlığının iç yüzü.
Eserdeki diğer bir boyut ise; 1942’de çıkan Varlık Vergisi Kanunu’yla zor duruma düşen azınlıklara yardım
etme mücadelesi veren biri ermiş, diğeri ise onun müridi iki Ermeni’nin hikâyesidir. Şimdinin Dar
Odası’nda ise Ermeni karakterler Türklere oranla daha fazla olmasına rağmen Türk imajına dair oluşan
imgelem Ermeni imajına göre daha yoğundur.

]]> Murat ÖNEM International Balkan University true Turan KARATAŞ Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

teaching-values-through-the-magazine-tomurcuk 2020 1 Located in the center of the Balkans, the Republic of North Macedonia has hosted many nations and
civilizations in history. After declaring its independence in 1991, Greece triggered a years long name
dispute followed by an identity crisis with Bulgaria. As soon as the dispute with Greece was resolved in
2020, Bulgaria blocked North Macedonia's path to the European Union. Therefore, these constant
problems among its neighbors are directly reflected in the educational process in North Macedonia.The
main part of this study, focuses on the educational values reflected in the Tomurcuk magazine. The
introductory part gives a brief overview of the Turkish juvenile literature in North Macedonia. Although
Turkish juvenile literature in North Macedonia starts with poetry, in the following years, works in other
literary genres such as short stories, plays and lullabies were published. As a result, the publishing of a
juvenile magazine comes to the fore. Primarily Sevinç (1951), which was later followed by Tomurcuk
(1957) are the groundbreaking juvenile magazines published in Turkish language in Skopje. The
magazine is consisted of various genres such as: comics, poetry, short stories, essays, crossword puzzles
and other texts. These text and articles mainly focused on highlighting the customs and traditions of the
Turks living in North Macedonia. Thus, the aim of the magazine is to educate its young readers about
the values of their culture. As a result, to this important mission, Tomurcuk magazine does not only hold
an important place in the North Macedonian Turkish juvenile literature in terms of content, form and a
platform for promotion of new writers, it also has an important task in terms of teaching the values it
aims to bring.

]]> Tomurcuk Magazine, North Macedonia Turkish Juvenile Literature, Values 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/teaching-values-through-the-magazine-tomurcuk 2 78-86 tr CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/892/21-pdf.pdf “TOMURCUK” DERGİSİ ÜZERE DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİ Balkanların merkezinde yer alan Kuzey Makedonya Cumhuriyeti, tarihte birçok milletlere ve
medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Makedonya, 1991 yılında bağımsızlığını ilan ettikten sonra
Yunanistan ile isim sorunu, Bulgaristan’la da kimlik sorunu yaşamaya başladı. Yunanistan’la sorun 2020
yılında çözüldükten hemen sonra Bulgaristan Kuzey Makedonya’nın Avrupa Birliği’ne engel oldu.
Komşularıyla sürekli gerilim yaşayan Kuzey Makedonya’da eğitim de bu durumdan olumsuz olarak
etkilenmektedir.
Bu çalışmamızın ana bölümünde Tomurcuk dergisinde eğitim değerleri üzere dururken giriş bölümünde
ise Kuzey Makedonya’daki Türk çocuk edebiyatı üzerine kısa bir bakış yapılmıştır. Kuzey
Makedonya’daki Türk çocuk edebiyatı şiirle başlar. İlerleyen yıllarda hikâye, tiyatro, ninni gibi diğer
edebi türlerde de eserler verilir. Özellikle de çocuk dergiciliği ön plana çıkmaktadır. Önce çocuk dergisi
Sevinç (1951) ve daha sonra Tomurcuk dergisi (1957) Üsküp’te yayımlanmaya başlamıştır. Bu dergi
ilkokul çağındaki çocuklara hitap eder. Derginin içeriğinde hikâye, çizgi roman, şiir, deneme, bulmaca
gibi bölümlere rastlanmaktadır. Bu yazılarda ise daha çok Kuzey Makedonya Türklerinin geçmişi, örf
ve âdetleri ve kültürleri anlatılmaktadır. Bu vesileyle öğrencilerin daha çocukluk dönemlerinde kendi
kültürleri ile yetişmesi ve temel değerlerin kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Tomurcuk dergisi, muhteva,
şekil ve yazar kadrosu bakımından Kuzey Makedonya Türk çocuk edebiyatında önemli bir yeri olmakla
kalmayıp kazandırmayı hedeflediği değerler bakımından da etkin bir görev üstlenmiştir.

]]> Refide ŞAİNİ International Balkan University true 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com

the-reality-of-migration-in-macedonia-and-its-reflection-on-turkish-poetry-in-macedonia 2020 1 Literature is one of the most crucial means to self-consciousness. It is tightly related to the various
kinds of knowledge, different codes, and the myriad perspectives of critical thinking. As a result,
it is very important to preserve the remains of national consciousness, and to stay connected to the
roots as represented in poetry, so as to relieve the pain caused by the migrations that initially
happened as a result of the Balkan wars. This ongoing pain is undoubtedly the result of the
migrations caused by the Balkan wars. A significant number of Turkish intellectuals born in
Macedonia along with other ethnic Turks were forced to leave their home land. Due to the
migrations, the regional literature suffered as well, particularly the Turkish folk literature. The
literature of the region was not revived until the foundation of the Birlik newspaper that supported
Turkish writers in Macedonia by publishing their short stories and poems. As a result of the
turbulent political times, the emergence of the Yucel lawsuit, and the unjustly execution of the
Turkish intellectuals from Skopje, together with the new migrations at stage, lead to another wave
of literary futility in the region. Despite all the migrations, the Turkish literary scene has managed
to re-establish itself through stories, poetry and folk songs, thus migration being its main theme.
This paper will evaluate the notion of migration in the Turkish poetry of Macedonia. The research
will cover the works that bear the themes of migrancy within the Turkish poetry corpus in
Macedonia.

]]> Migration, migration in Balkan, Poetry, Turkish poetry in Macedonia, Folk Songs 2020-12-27 https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/the-reality-of-migration-in-macedonia-and-its-reflection-on-turkish-poetry-in-macedonia 2 87-94 tr CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/891/22-pdf.pdf MAKEDONYA’NIN GÖÇ GERÇEĞİ VE GÖÇÜN MAKEDONYA TÜRK ŞIİRİNE YANSIMALARI Edebiyat, özünde bir toplumun yarattığı eserler ışığında, onların zaman, tarih ve toplumsal
kargaşalarının sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan şartların bilincine varan, bu öz bilinçle geçmişle
geleceği birbirine bağlayan, duygu ve düşünceleri anlatan, estetik değer taşıyan parçalardan
oluşmaktadır.
Bundan dolayıdır ki Balkan savaşları sonrasından günümüze kadar Makedonya’da yaşayan
Türk edebiyatı da özbilincini koruyabilmek ve kendi köklerine bağlı kalabilmek için farklı
evrelerden geçmiş ve acısı geçmeyen yaralar almıştır. Kanayan bu yaraların en önemli
nedenlerinden biri Balkan Savaşlarıyla birlikte gelen göçlerle yaşandığı gerçeğini kimse inkâr
edemez. Türkiye’ye göç eden halkla birlikte, Makedonya’da yaşayan aydın bir kesim de göçe
zorlanmıştı. Haliyle bu edebiyatta da duraksamlara neden olmuştur. Özellikle Türk halk
edebiyatı bu göçlerden en çok yara alan, alan olmuştur. Birlik gazetesiyle birlikte Makedonya
Çağdaş Türk edebiyatının tohumları atılmış, türküler, hikâye ve şiirlerle canlanmaya
başlamıştır. Yaşanılan farklı siyasi gelişmelerden dolayı, Yücel davasının ortaya çıkması,
haksız yere yargılanan Üsküplü Türk aydınların idam edilmesi, buna bağlı olarak göçün
yeniden gündeme gelmesi Çağdaş Türk Edebiyatının yeniden duraksamasına neden olmuştur.
Bütün bu göçlere rağmen ard arda, yılmadan yoktan var olmayı başaran edebiyatımızda
kuşkusuz göç konusu hikâyelerde, şiirlerde, türkülerde işlenen konulardan birisi olmuştur. Bu
çalışmada Makedonya Türk şiirinde göç olgusu işlenmiştir. Çalışmamız kapsamında
Makedonyada yetişmiş şairlerin şiirleri incelenmiş ve göç konusu veya içerisinde göç geçen
şiirler çalışmamıza dâhil edilmiştir.

]]> Selçuk Kürşad KOCA University of Qatar University of Sakarya true Seyhan Murtezan Ibrahimi International Balkan University 2671-3535 2671-3543 Balkan University Press https://ijep.ibupress.com