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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJEP</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Education and Philology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJEP</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2671-3535</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2671-3543</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Balkan University Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">435</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>EDITH WHARTON’S NOVELS- THE ARROGANCE, THE AVARICE, THE COWARDICE OF THE MAIN FEMALE CHARACTERS</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Spirovska</surname>
            <given-names>Elena</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution>South East European University</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>26</fpage>
      <lpage>32</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijep.ibupress.com/articles/edith-wharton-s-novels-the-arrogance-the-avarice-the-cowardice-of-the-main-female-characters" />
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://ijep.ibupress.com/file/858/55-pdf.pdf" />
      <abstract>
        <p>The world presented in Edith Wharton’s novels The Custom of the Country, Ethan Frome and The House</p>
        <p>of Mirth, is predominantly the world of late 19th century New York upper class society. The portrayal of</p>
        <p>the characters in all three novels has one common feature. While the male characters are mostly</p>
        <p>unimpressive, weak and inadequate, the portrayal of female characters reveals a wide array of deeply flawed</p>
        <p>human beings. The presence of the silent, secretive Zenobia Frome in Ethan Frome is defined as evil and</p>
        <p>alien, a mysterious force which hold her husband and his life prospects back. Lilly Bart, the protagonist</p>
        <p>of The House of Mirth, is luxury loving, arrogant at times and parasitic at instances - more than one page</p>
        <p>of the novel depicts her boarding with friends and living with people she despises, simply because this is</p>
        <p>the only way she can afford aesthetics and luxury surrounding her. Perhaps the worst, at least from the</p>
        <p>characters depicted for the purpose of this study, is Undine Spragg. The Custom of the Country main</p>
        <p>character depicts a woman who is merciless, inconsiderate and deprived of any capacity to love, even when</p>
        <p>it comes to her own child. These characters raise a question about the author of the novel: was Edith</p>
        <p>Wharton a misogynist? What motivated her to write novels about women from her own social setting</p>
        <p>characterizing them as villains at worst and cowards at best? This article will attempt to answer this question</p>
        <p>by analyzing the novels and the female characters.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>female characters</kwd>
        <kwd>Edith Wharton</kwd>
        <kwd>novels</kwd>
        <kwd>misogyny</kwd>
        <kwd>negative traits</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>